Parameters

The parameters are the user-defined numerical inputs to the model. While usually the structure of a model, therefore the sets, remains fixed across scenarios, it is common practice to change the values of some parameters when running different scenarios and/or sensitivity analyses. As will be clear in the following, each parameter is a function of the elements in one or more sets. For instance, CapitalCost[r, t, and y] indicates that the capital cost is a function of the region (r), the technology (t) and the year (y). A list and brief description of the parameters declared in the master version of OSeMOSYS is given in the below table [3].


Parameter Name	Description
YearSplit[l,y]	Duration of a modelled time slice, expressed as a fraction of the year. The sum of each entry over one modelled year should equal 1.
DiscountRateTech[r,t]	Technology specific value for the discount rate, expressed in decimals (e.g. 0.05).
DiscountRateSto[r,t]	Storage specific value for the discount rate, expressed in decimals (e.g. 0.05).
DaySplit[lh,y]	Length of one DailyTimeBracket in one specific day as a fraction of the year (e.g., when distinguishing between days and night: 12h/(24h*365d)).
Conversionls[l,ls]	Binary parameter linking one TimeSlice to a certain Season. It has value 0 if the TimeSlice does not pertain to the specific season, 1 if it does.
Conversionld[ld,l]	Binary parameter linking one TimeSlice to a certain DayType. It has value 0 if the TimeSlice does not pertain to the specific DayType, 1 if it does.
Conversionlh[lh,l]	Binary parameter linking one TimeSlice to a certain DaylyTimeBracket. It has value 0 if the TimeSlice does not pertain to the specific DaylyTimeBracket, 1 if it does.
DaysInDayType[ls,ld,y]	Number of days for each day type, within one week (natural number, ranging from 1 to 7)
TradeRoute[r,rr,f,y]	Binary parameter defining the links between region r and region rr, to enable or disable trading of a specific commodity. It has value 1 when two regions are linked, 0 otherwise
DepreciationMethod[r]	Binary parameter defining the type of depreciation to be applied. It has value 1 for sinking fund depreciation, value 2 for straight-line depreciation.
Demands
SpecifiedAnnualDemand[r,f,y]	Total specified demand for the year, linked to a specific ‘time of use’ during the year.
SpecifiedDemandProfile[r,f,l,y]	Annual fraction of energy-service or commodity demand that is required in each time slice. For each year, all the defined SpecifiedDemandProfile input values should sum up to 1.
AccumulatedAnnualDemand[r,f,y]	Accumulated Demand for a certain commodity in one specific year. It cannot be defined for a commodity if its SpecifiedAnnualDemand for the same year is already defined and vice versa.
Performance
CapacityToActivityUnit[r,t]	Conversion factor relating the energy that would be produced when one unit of capacity is fully used in one year.
AvailabilityFactor[r,t,y]	Capacity available eachTimeSlice expressed as a fraction of the total installed capacity, with values ranging from 0 to 1. It gives the possibility to account for forced outages.
OperationalLife[r,t]	Maximum time a technology can run in the whole year, as a fraction of the year ranging from 0 to 1. It gives the possibility to account for planned outages.
ResidualCapacity[r,t,y]	Useful lifetime of a technology, expressed in years.
InputActivityRatio[r,t,f,m,y]	Capacity available from before the modelling period.
OutputActivityRatio[r,t,f,m,y]	Rate of use of a commodity by a technology, as a ratio of the rate of activity.
Technology costs
OuputModeofOpeartion[r,t,m,y],	Binary parameter indicating the mode of operation in which a technology has an output activity ratio
CapitalCost[r,t,y]	Capital investment cost of a technology, per unit of capacity.
VariableCost[r,t,m,y]	Cost of a technology for a given mode of operation (Variable O&M cost), per unit of activity.
FixedCost[r,t,y]	Fixed O&M cost of a technology, per unit of capacity.
Storage
TechnologyToStorage[r,t,s,m]	Binary parameter linking a technology to the storage facility it charges. It has value 1 if the technology and the storage facility are linked, 0 otherwise.
TechnologyFromStorage[r,t,s,m]	Binary parameter linking a storage facility to the technology it feeds. It has value 1 if the technology and the storage facility are linked, 0 otherwise.
StorageLevelStart[r,s]	Level of storage at the beginning of first modelled year, in units of activity.
StorageMaxChargeRate[r,s]	Maximum charging rate for the storage, in units of activity per year.
StorageMaxDischargeRate[r,s]	Maximum discharging rate for the storage, in units of activity per year.
MinStorageCharge[r,s,y]	It sets a lower bound to the amount of energy stored, as a fraction of the maximum, with a number reanging between 0 and 1. The storage facility cannot be emptied below this level.
OperationalLifeStorage[r,s]	Useful lifetime of the storage facility.
CapitalCostStorage[r,s,y]	Binary parameter linking a technology to the storage facility it charges. It has value 0 if the technology and the storage facility are not linked, 1 if they are.
ResidualStorageCapacity[r,s,y]	Binary parameter linking a storage facility to the technology it feeds. It has value 0 if the technology and the storage facility are not linked, 1 if they are.
Capacity constraints
CapacityOfOneTechnologyUnit[r,t,y]	Capacity of one new unit of a technology. In case the user sets this parameter, the related technology will be installed only in batches of the specified capacity and the problem will turn into a Mixed Integer Linear Problem.
TotalAnnualMaxCapacity[r,t,y]	Total maximum existing (residual plus cumulatively installed) capacity allowed for a technology in a specified year.
TotalAnnualMinCapacity[r,t,y]	Total minimum existing (residual plus cumulatively installed) capacity allowed for a technology in a specified year.
Investment constraints
TotalAnnualMaxCapacityInvestment[r,t,y]	Maximum capacity of a technology, expressed in power units.
TotalAnnualMinCapacityInvestment[r,t,y]	Minimum capacity of a technology, expressed in power units.
Activity constraints
TotalTechnologyAnnualActivityUpperLimit[r,t,y]	Total maximum level of activity allowed for a technology in one year.
TotalTechnologyAnnualActivityLowerLimit[r,t,y]	Total minimum level of activity allowed for a technology in one year.
TotalTechnologyModelPeriodActivityUpperLimit[r,t]	Total maximum level of activity allowed for a technology in the entire modelled period.
TotalTechnologyModelPeriodActivityLowerLimit[r,t]	Total minimum level of activity allowed for a technology in the entire modelled period.
Reserve margin
ReserveMarginTagTechnology[r,t,y]	Binary parameter tagging the technologies that are allowed to contribute to the reserve margin. It has value 1 for the technologies allowed, 0 otherwise.
ReserveMarginTagFuel[r,f,y]	Binary parameter tagging the fuels to which the reserve margin applies. It has value 1 if the reserve margin applies to the fuel, 0 otherwise.
ReserveMargin[r,y]	Minimum level of the reserve margin required to be provided for all the tagged commodities, by the tagged technologies. If no reserve margin is required, the parameter will have value 1; if, for instance, 20% reserve margin is required, the parameter will have value 1.2.
RE Generation target
RETagTechnology[r,t,y]	Binary parameter tagging the renewable technologies that must contribute to reaching the indicated minimum renewable production target. It has value 1 for thetechnologies contributing, 0 otherwise.
RETagFuel[r,f,y]	Binary parameter tagging the fuels to which the renewable target applies to. It has value 1 if the target applies, 0 otherwise.
REMinProductionTarget[r,y]	Minimum ratio of all renewable commodities tagged in the RETagCommodity parameter, to be produced by the technologies tagged with the RETechnology parameter.
Emissions
EmissionActivityRatio[r,t,e,m,y]	Emission factor of a technology per unit of activity, per mode of operation.
EmissionsPenalty[r,e,y]	Penalty per unit of emission.
AnnualExogenousEmission[r,e,y]	It allows the user to account for additional annual emissions, on top of those computed endogenously by the model (e.g. emissions generated outside the region).
AnnualEmissionLimit[r,e,y]	Annual upper limit for a specific emission generated in the whole modelled region.
ModelPeriodExogenousEmission[r,e]	It allows the user to account for additional emissions over the entire modelled period, on top of those computed endogenously by the model (e.g. generated outside the region).
ModelPeriodEmissionLimit[r,e]	Annual upper limit for a specific emission generated in the whole modelled region, over the entire modelled period.
StorageUvalue[r,s]	Heat transfer co-efficient of the thermal energy storage tank.
StorageFlowTemperature[r,s]	The temperature of water inflow into thermal energy storage.
StorageReturnTemperature[r,s]	The return water temperature in the heating grid where the thermal energy storage is connected.
StorageAmbientTemperature[r,s]	The ambient temperature of the locations where the thermal energy storage is located.
StorageL2D[r,s]	Binary parameter which indicates the length to diameter ratio of the thermal energy storage tank. Value is 0 if the L2D is 2 and is 1 if the L2D is 4.
Storagetagheating[r,s]	Binary parameter indicating whether the thermal energy storage is connected to the district heating network. 1 if it is connected and 0 is if is not.
Storagetagcooling[r,s]	Binary parameter indicating whether the thermal energy storage is connected to the district cooling network. 1 if it is connected and 0 is if is not.